Charlie Munger

Munger's whole thing is mental models. The idea is simple: instead of being an expert in one field, you learn the core concepts from as many different fields as possible — psychology, biology, physics, economics, history — and then use that whole toolkit to think about problems.

He calls it a latticework of mental models. It sounds like a self-help concept.

It's actually how he consistently made better decisions than almost everyone around him. On investing, he pushed Buffett away from his old mentor's approach — which was basically "find dirt-cheap companies and flip them fast" — toward something more durable: find the best businesses in the world and hold them forever.

The key word he uses is moat. A business so dominant that competitors can't touch it.

Think Coca-Cola. He was also deeply influenced by psychology, particularly the ways humans reliably fool themselves.

He gave a famous talk called "The Psychology of Human Misjudgment" listing 25 ways our brains get things wrong. Reading it once will change how you make decisions.

Anthony Pompliano

Pompliano is a Bitcoin maximalist, full stop. His thesis is simple: Bitcoin is the only crypto asset worth owning because it has the strongest network, the most decentralization, and the best monetary properties.

He is skeptical of most altcoins. He invests in Bitcoin directly, through Morgan Creek funds, and makes early-stage bets in Bitcoin infrastructure companies.

His audience-building strategy — consistent, daily content, simple arguments, no jargon — is itself a form of investing. He built a media company before most people realized finance media was a distribution asset.

Charlie Munger

Invert. Always invert.

That's his most famous rule — borrowed from the mathematician Jacobi. Instead of asking "how do I succeed?" ask "what would guarantee failure, and then avoid those things." It sounds obvious.

Almost nobody actually does it. He believes the secret to a good life and good investing is the same: figure out what you want to avoid, avoid it relentlessly, and most good things follow.

On wealth: getting rich isn't the hard part — keeping it is. Most people blow up by using borrowed money, getting greedy at the top, or panicking at the bottom.

Don't do those things. On decisions: only make the big bet when you're very sure.

Be patient for a long time, then move fast when the opportunity is obvious.

Anthony Pompliano

His philosophy in a sentence: Bitcoin is the hardest money ever created, and the dollar is being debased by central banks who print money at will. He argues inflation is a wealth transfer from savers to governments, and Bitcoin is the only asset that protects against it.

He says everyone will eventually figure this out — the only question is whether you figure it out before or after the price is much higher.

Charlie Munger

Munger's approach to risk: don't take risks you don't understand, and don't take risks you don't need to. He kept things simple.

He concentrated into a small number of businesses he understood deeply. He never used borrowed money.

He kept large cash reserves. His view on diversification was almost the opposite of what most financial advisors tell you — he thought spreading money across 50 stocks was an admission that you hadn't done enough homework.

If you've done the work, you concentrate. If you haven't, maybe don't invest at all.

Anthony Pompliano

Pompliano is openly concentrated — at various points he has said more than half his net worth is in Bitcoin. He does not see this as recklessness.

His framework: if Bitcoin fails, the traditional financial system is likely also in serious trouble, so the downside of being concentrated in BTC is no worse than the downside of being concentrated in dollars. He views conventional diversification as spreading risk across assets that are all denominated in the same thing being debased.

He calls diversification "di-worsification" for people who truly understand what they hold.

Charlie Munger

Munger lived in the same house in Los Angeles for most of his adult life. He was famously frugal — not in a miserable way, but in a "I genuinely don't care about most things money buys" way.

He flew commercial until fairly recently. He read obsessively.

He described himself as a book with legs. His children joked that he was more interesting to talk to than almost anyone alive, but would only engage on topics he found intellectually stimulating.

He donated massively to education — hundreds of millions to Harvard Law School, the University of Michigan, and other institutions, often with very specific conditions attached. He designed buildings as a hobby and funded their construction himself.

He died at 99 worth around $2.6 billion — extraordinary by any measure, and somehow modest given he sat next to one of the richest men in history for 45 years.

Anthony Pompliano

Pompliano runs his life like he runs his content: consistent, high-volume, no days off. He wakes up early, exercises, posts daily.

He is famously disciplined about time and output — he has said he treats content creation with the same structure as military training. He holds Bitcoin.

He is vocal about not keeping significant cash.

Charlie Munger

See's Candies. In 1972, Munger convinced a reluctant Buffett to pay what seemed like an expensive price — $25 million — for a California candy company.

Buffett thought it was too much. Munger held firm.

See's has since generated over $2 billion in profit for Berkshire, basically funding dozens of other acquisitions. It also taught Buffett the single most important lesson of his career: paying a fair price for a great business beats getting a cheap price for a mediocre one.

That one deal changed the entire direction of Berkshire Hathaway.

Anthony Pompliano

Being early and public on Bitcoin. He was bullish on BTC when it was under $10,000, never backed down through the 2018 bear market, and held through the 2020-2021 run to $69,000.

His Morgan Creek Digital fund was among the first institutional vehicles that allowed pension funds and endowments to gain Bitcoin exposure.

Charlie Munger

Munger is famous for avoiding mistakes more than for making spectacular wins — his whole philosophy is about not doing stupid things. But he's admitted to a few.

He said Berkshire was too slow to move into BYD, China's electric vehicle company, despite knowing it was exceptional for years before they finally bought in. He also held too much Wesco Financial for too long when the money could have been put to better use elsewhere.

His most honest self-criticism: he wished he had moved faster when the evidence was already clear. For a man who spent his career warning others about psychological biases, he wasn't immune to them.

Anthony Pompliano

Being loud enough about Bitcoin that his credibility is permanently attached to its performance. When Bitcoin drops 70%, Pompliano drops with it in public perception — every bear market brings screenshots of his old price predictions.

He has also faced criticism that some of his early crypto venture bets, outside Bitcoin, did not perform.

Charlie Munger

Charlie Munger grew up in Omaha — same city as Buffett, but they didn't know each other yet. His father was a lawyer.

So was his grandfather. Charlie became one too, but he was clearly more interested in figuring out how the world worked than in courtrooms.

He studied math at the University of Michigan, got drafted into World War II, trained as a meteorologist, and somehow ended up at Harvard Law School without ever finishing an undergraduate degree. Harvard took him anyway.

He graduated in 1948 and moved to California to practice law. He was good at it.

He was also quietly building a real estate business on the side that made him more money than law ever did. He and Buffett met at a dinner in Omaha in 1959.

Munger was 35. Buffett was 28.

By the end of the night, Buffett was trying to convince Munger to go into investing full time. It took about a decade.

Munger ran his own investment partnership from 1962 to 1975 — returned 24% annually while the market did 6.4%. Then he fully merged his career with Buffett's at Berkshire, where he stayed until his death in 2023.

Anthony Pompliano

Anthony Pompliano served in the U.S. Army, did tours in Iraq and Afghanistan, then came home and built a career in tech.

He worked at Facebook briefly in 2016 — reportedly fired after two weeks for allegedly raising concerns about user metric accuracy. He then co-founded Morgan Creek Digital Assets in 2018, one of the first traditional asset managers to offer crypto funds to institutional investors.

His podcast "The Pomp Podcast" became one of the most downloaded finance shows in the world. He built a Twitter and newsletter following of millions by making simple, direct, bullish arguments for Bitcoin when that was still an edgy position.

Charlie Munger

Munger's main stage was Berkshire Hathaway, where he served as Vice Chairman from 1978 until he died. His role was hard to define on paper — he didn't run a fund or manage a portfolio.

What he actually did was talk to Buffett. That was worth a trillion dollars.

Before Berkshire, he ran his own investment partnership from 1962 to 1975 that crushed the market. He also controlled Wesco Financial, a small insurance and financial company he ran as a personal Berkshire subsidiary from 1973 to 2011, until Berkshire fully absorbed it.

Outside finance, he was obsessed with architecture — he personally designed several buildings, including a dormitory at the University of Michigan that his own architecture school rejected for violating design principles. He funded it anyway.

Anthony Pompliano

Morgan Creek Digital Assets (co-founder, 2018). The Pomp Podcast / "Best Business Show." Pomp Investments (early-stage venture fund).

Newsletter: "Pomp Letter" (millions of subscribers). Previously: Facebook (briefly), Snapchat (growth team), Earlyshares.

Charlie Munger

University of Michigan, mathematics — left for World War II without graduating. US Army Air Corps, meteorology training.

Harvard Law School, JD 1948 — admitted without an undergraduate degree, which Harvard is apparently capable of when it wants to be.

Anthony Pompliano

West Point graduate (Bachelor's in economics). MBA: Babson College, Olin Graduate School of Business.