Tropic

Klarna

Tropic

Tropic charges an annual subscription based on the customer's software spend under management. The platform pays for itself through savings — if Tropic helps a company save $500,000 on software renewals, the subscription cost is a fraction of that.

Some pricing includes a success fee tied to actual savings achieved.

The value proposition is mathematically clear: Tropic typically saves customers 23% on their SaaS spending. For a company spending $5 million annually on software, that's $1.15 million in savings.

Tropic's subscription fee is a small percentage of those savings, making the ROI calculation trivially obvious.

The data moat grows with every customer. Each contract that flows through Tropic adds to their pricing benchmarks database, making their negotiation intelligence more accurate for future customers.

This is a classic network effect — the more companies use Tropic, the better it works for everyone.

Klarna

Klarna makes money from merchant fees and consumer interest. Merchants pay Klarna 3-6% of each transaction — they're willing to pay because Klarna increases conversion rates by 30%+ and average order values by 45%.

On "Pay in 4" (interest-free installments), Klarna makes money purely from merchant fees. On longer financing (6-36 months), Klarna charges consumers interest up to 25% APR.

Klarna also earns revenue from its shopping app (affiliate commissions when users discover and buy from merchants), and from its Klarna Card.

Tropic

David Campbell spent years in SaaS sales and noticed something absurd: companies buying software almost never negotiated. They'd receive a quote, maybe push back slightly, and sign.

Meanwhile, the vendor knew exactly what discount they could offer because they had data from thousands of deals. The information asymmetry was massive — and it always favored the seller.

Campbell founded Tropic in 2020 to flip that asymmetry. The core insight was that if you aggregate pricing data from thousands of SaaS contracts across hundreds of companies, you can tell any buyer exactly what fair market price looks like.

Basically, "Company X is charging you $50 per user for this tier, but companies your size typically pay $32." That data-driven approach turns every negotiation from guesswork into science.

The timing was perfect. Post-COVID, companies were drowning in SaaS subscriptions.

The average mid-market company uses 100-200 software tools. CFOs started demanding visibility into software spend, and finance teams had no tools to manage it.

Tropic stepped into that gap with a platform that combined procurement automation with AI-powered negotiation intelligence.

Klarna

Sebastian Siemiatkowski, Niklas Adalberth, and Victor Jacobsson were students at the Stockholm School of Economics. In 2005, they entered a startup competition with an idea: let people buy things online and pay later.

At the time, online shopping was still new and most people were terrified of entering their credit card details on the internet. The idea was simple — Klarna would pay the merchant immediately, and the customer would get an invoice with 14-30 days to pay.

The competition judges hated it. The idea was dismissed as financially irresponsible and the team didn't win.

But Siemiatkowski pressed on. Swedish e-commerce was growing fast and merchants were desperate for any way to reduce cart abandonment.

Klarna's "pay after delivery" model was a hit because it shifted the risk — customers could receive the product, try it on, and only pay for what they kept.

The first customers were Swedish e-commerce merchants selling fashion and home goods. Klarna handled the invoicing, fraud detection, and collections.

Merchants saw conversion rates jump because customers were more willing to buy when they didn't have to pay immediately.

Tropic

Tropic grew by selling to CFOs with a message they couldn't resist: "we will literally save you more money than we cost." In a market where every other tool adds to the tech stack cost, Tropic reduces it. That positioning is powerful during economic downturns when CFOs are cutting budgets.

Customer success stories spread quickly. When a finance leader saves $500K on software renewals using Tropic, they tell other finance leaders.

The procurement community is tight-knit, and word travels fast at CFO conferences and finance Slack communities.

The managed services component creates stickiness. Tropic doesn't just provide data — their negotiators handle the actual vendor conversations.

This "done for you" model means customers don't need internal procurement expertise. Once Tropic handles your renewals, bringing the function in-house again feels like a downgrade.

Klarna

Klarna grew by being embedded at checkout. The strategy was to sign up the biggest online retailers and become a payment option alongside Visa and PayPal.

Once Klarna was at checkout, consumers discovered it organically. The "Pay in 4" button became ubiquitous across fashion, electronics, and home goods retailers.

The Klarna app became a growth engine beyond checkout. By building a shopping app where users could browse products, discover deals, and track deliveries, Klarna turned from a payment method into a shopping destination.

The app has 35+ million monthly active users who start their shopping journey inside Klarna before even visiting a retailer.

International expansion was aggressive. Starting in Sweden, Klarna rolled out across Europe, then into the US, UK, and Australia.

The US became the biggest growth market — American consumers were especially receptive to Pay in 4 as an alternative to credit cards. By 2023, Klarna had 34 million US users.

Tropic

The procurement software market is getting crowded. Vendr, Zylo, Productiv, and Sastrify all target SaaS spend management from different angles.

Differentiation is challenging when every vendor claims to save customers money on software purchases.

Scaling the negotiation services team is operationally complex. Unlike pure software companies that scale with zero marginal cost, Tropic's managed negotiation service requires trained humans.

Each new customer needs real people conducting real vendor negotiations. Balancing human-led services with AI automation is an ongoing challenge.

Vendor pushback is real. As procurement platforms become more common, SaaS vendors are adjusting their pricing strategies to account for aggressive negotiation.

Some vendors have started offering "non-negotiable" pricing tiers or adjusting discount structures. The more successful Tropic becomes, the more vendors adapt their tactics.

Klarna

The valuation collapse was humiliating. Klarna raised at a $46 billion valuation from SoftBank in 2021.

One year later, they raised a down round at $6.7 billion — an 85% haircut. It was the most dramatic valuation drop in fintech history.

Employee stock options were underwater. Siemiatkowski had to lay off 10% of the workforce.

The entire BNPL category went from hot to radioactive in months.

Credit losses are the existential risk. Klarna is lending money to consumers who want to buy things they can't afford to pay for right now.

When the economy slows, defaults rise. Klarna's credit losses hit $1 billion in 2022.

The company had to tighten underwriting significantly and pull back from riskier markets. The tension between growth (approve more loans) and profitability (reject risky borrowers) defines every quarter.

The IPO in 2025 was a comeback story but with caveats. Klarna went public at $15 billion — a major recovery from the $6.7 billion trough but still less than a third of its 2021 peak.

The company finally turned profitable by slashing costs with AI (replacing hundreds of customer service agents with AI chatbots) and tightening credit standards. But investors remain cautious about the BNPL model's long-term sustainability.

Tropic

Tropic Procurement Platform — the core system for managing the entire software purchasing lifecycle from request through approval, negotiation, and renewal. Tropic Intelligence — AI-powered pricing benchmarks from thousands of real SaaS contracts, showing customers exactly what fair market price looks like for any software vendor.

Tropic Negotiation Services — a team of professional negotiators who handle vendor negotiations on behalf of customers, armed with Tropic's pricing data. Tropic Spend Management — dashboards and analytics showing total software spend, upcoming renewals, redundant tools, and savings opportunities.

Tropic Intake — automated request workflows that route software purchase requests through the right approval chains.

Klarna

Pay in 4 is the signature product — split any purchase into four interest-free payments over six weeks. Pay in 30 lets customers receive the product first and pay within 30 days.

Financing offers longer-term payment plans with interest for larger purchases. The Klarna App is a shopping destination — browse deals, track orders, manage payments, and earn cashback.

The Klarna Card is a physical Visa card that lets users Pay in 4 anywhere. Klarna Creator is a platform for influencers to earn commissions sharing products.

Klarna AI is their customer service chatbot that handles two-thirds of support queries.

Tropic

Insight Partners led the Series B. Canapi Ventures was an early investor.

8VC and other venture firms participated in growth rounds. The company has raised approximately $105 million total across multiple rounds.

Klarna

Sequoia Capital, SoftBank, Silver Lake, GIC, Atomico, Commonwealth Bank of Australia, Heartland