Tropic

Instacart

Tropic

Tropic charges an annual subscription based on the customer's software spend under management. The platform pays for itself through savings — if Tropic helps a company save $500,000 on software renewals, the subscription cost is a fraction of that.

Some pricing includes a success fee tied to actual savings achieved.

The value proposition is mathematically clear: Tropic typically saves customers 23% on their SaaS spending. For a company spending $5 million annually on software, that's $1.15 million in savings.

Tropic's subscription fee is a small percentage of those savings, making the ROI calculation trivially obvious.

The data moat grows with every customer. Each contract that flows through Tropic adds to their pricing benchmarks database, making their negotiation intelligence more accurate for future customers.

This is a classic network effect — the more companies use Tropic, the better it works for everyone.

Instacart

Instacart operates as a marketplace connecting consumers with personal shoppers and grocery retailers. Revenue comes from multiple streams: delivery fees and service fees charged to consumers (typically $3.99+ per delivery), tips to shoppers (passed through, not revenue), retailer partnerships (grocers pay Instacart for access to the platform and fulfillment services), and advertising.

Advertising has become the crown jewel. Instacart Ads lets consumer packaged goods (CPG) brands like Coca-Cola, Procter & Gamble, and Nestlé pay for sponsored product placements within the Instacart shopping experience.

When someone searches for "chips," Doritos can pay to appear first. This is incredibly valuable because it's advertising at the exact moment of purchase intent.

Ad revenue was $871 million in 2023 and crossed $950 million in 2024.

The retailer partnership model is key. Unlike DoorDash or Uber Eats (which listed restaurants without permission early on), Instacart works with grocers as partners.

Over 1,500 retail banners including Costco, Kroger, Albertsons, and Publix have formal partnerships. Instacart provides the technology and shoppers.

Grocers provide inventory and stores.

Tropic

David Campbell spent years in SaaS sales and noticed something absurd: companies buying software almost never negotiated. They'd receive a quote, maybe push back slightly, and sign.

Meanwhile, the vendor knew exactly what discount they could offer because they had data from thousands of deals. The information asymmetry was massive — and it always favored the seller.

Campbell founded Tropic in 2020 to flip that asymmetry. The core insight was that if you aggregate pricing data from thousands of SaaS contracts across hundreds of companies, you can tell any buyer exactly what fair market price looks like.

Basically, "Company X is charging you $50 per user for this tier, but companies your size typically pay $32." That data-driven approach turns every negotiation from guesswork into science.

The timing was perfect. Post-COVID, companies were drowning in SaaS subscriptions.

The average mid-market company uses 100-200 software tools. CFOs started demanding visibility into software spend, and finance teams had no tools to manage it.

Tropic stepped into that gap with a platform that combined procurement automation with AI-powered negotiation intelligence.

Instacart

Apoorva Mehta was a 26-year-old Amazon engineer in Seattle who quit his job in 2012 to start a company. The only problem: he had no idea what to build.

Over the next year, he started and abandoned roughly 20 different projects. A social network for lawyers.

A way to track restaurant wait times. Nothing stuck.

Then one day he was too lazy to go grocery shopping. He looked for a service that would shop for him and deliver everything to his door.

Nothing good existed. The existing options were grocery store delivery services that only worked during specific windows, had limited selection, and required ordering days in advance.

Mehta wanted to order groceries the way he ordered everything else online — immediately, from whatever store he wanted.

He built a prototype in 2012 and applied to Y Combinator. The demo was rough — he ordered a six-pack of beer through the app and had it delivered to a YC partner's house during the application process.

It worked. He got in.

Instacart launched in the San Francisco Bay Area in 2013 with a simple promise: order from your favorite local grocery store and have someone shop for you and deliver within an hour.

Tropic

Tropic grew by selling to CFOs with a message they couldn't resist: "we will literally save you more money than we cost." In a market where every other tool adds to the tech stack cost, Tropic reduces it. That positioning is powerful during economic downturns when CFOs are cutting budgets.

Customer success stories spread quickly. When a finance leader saves $500K on software renewals using Tropic, they tell other finance leaders.

The procurement community is tight-knit, and word travels fast at CFO conferences and finance Slack communities.

The managed services component creates stickiness. Tropic doesn't just provide data — their negotiators handle the actual vendor conversations.

This "done for you" model means customers don't need internal procurement expertise. Once Tropic handles your renewals, bringing the function in-house again feels like a downgrade.

Instacart

Instacart grew by solving a problem one city at a time. They launched in San Francisco, proved the model, then expanded to other major metros.

Each new market required recruiting shoppers, signing up retailers, and building enough consumer density to make the economics work.

The COVID-19 pandemic was the inflection point. Grocery delivery went from luxury to necessity overnight.

In March 2020 Instacart announced it would add 300,000 shoppers, then raised that by another 250,000 weeks later. Order volume increased 500%.

Years of planned growth happened in weeks. The pandemic proved that grocery delivery wasn't a niche — it was the future of how a significant chunk of the population would shop.

The enterprise play is the long-term moat. By providing white-label technology to grocers, Instacart becomes embedded in their operations.

Even if a grocery chain wanted to build its own delivery service, they'd need years and hundreds of millions to replicate what Instacart provides. The more deeply integrated Instacart becomes in grocery operations, the harder it is to rip out.

Tropic

The procurement software market is getting crowded. Vendr, Zylo, Productiv, and Sastrify all target SaaS spend management from different angles.

Differentiation is challenging when every vendor claims to save customers money on software purchases.

Scaling the negotiation services team is operationally complex. Unlike pure software companies that scale with zero marginal cost, Tropic's managed negotiation service requires trained humans.

Each new customer needs real people conducting real vendor negotiations. Balancing human-led services with AI automation is an ongoing challenge.

Vendor pushback is real. As procurement platforms become more common, SaaS vendors are adjusting their pricing strategies to account for aggressive negotiation.

Some vendors have started offering "non-negotiable" pricing tiers or adjusting discount structures. The more successful Tropic becomes, the more vendors adapt their tactics.

Instacart

The post-COVID hangover was brutal. After pandemic demand normalized, growth slowed dramatically.

The company's valuation dropped from a peak of $39 billion in early 2021 to about $10 billion at IPO in September 2023. Investors who bought at the peak saw a 75% paper loss.

The narrative shifted from "essential infrastructure" to "nice-to-have luxury."

Unit economics are perpetually tight. Paying a person to walk through a grocery store, pick items, bag them, and drive them to someone's house is expensive.

Unlike meal delivery (one restaurant, one bag), grocery delivery involves dozens of items per order, refrigeration requirements, and substitution decisions. Every order that requires a shopper to call the customer about an out-of-stock item eats into efficiency.

Amazon is the existential threat. Amazon Fresh, Whole Foods delivery, and Amazon's own logistics network represent a competitor with nearly unlimited resources and a Prime membership base of 200+ million.

Amazon has been willing to lose billions on grocery delivery to build market share. Instacart's advantage is retailer partnerships — Kroger and Publix use Instacart specifically because they don't want to help Amazon dominate grocery.

Tropic

Tropic Procurement Platform — the core system for managing the entire software purchasing lifecycle from request through approval, negotiation, and renewal. Tropic Intelligence — AI-powered pricing benchmarks from thousands of real SaaS contracts, showing customers exactly what fair market price looks like for any software vendor.

Tropic Negotiation Services — a team of professional negotiators who handle vendor negotiations on behalf of customers, armed with Tropic's pricing data. Tropic Spend Management — dashboards and analytics showing total software spend, upcoming renewals, redundant tools, and savings opportunities.

Tropic Intake — automated request workflows that route software purchase requests through the right approval chains.

Instacart

Instacart Marketplace — the core platform where consumers order groceries from 80,000+ stores for delivery or pickup, with personal shoppers fulfilling orders. Instacart+ — subscription service ($9.99/month) offering free delivery on orders over $35, reduced service fees, and credit back on pickup orders.

Instacart Ads — a retail media platform letting CPG brands run sponsored product listings, display ads, and coupons within the shopping experience. Instacart Platform (Enterprise) — white-label e-commerce technology that lets grocers build their own online ordering and fulfillment powered by Instacart's infrastructure.

Caper Cart — AI-powered smart shopping carts (from the 2021 Caper AI acquisition) with built-in screens, barcode scanners, and payment that let shoppers skip the checkout line.

Tropic

Insight Partners led the Series B. Canapi Ventures was an early investor.

8VC and other venture firms participated in growth rounds. The company has raised approximately $105 million total across multiple rounds.

Instacart

Sequoia Capital was an early and consistent backer. Andreessen Horowitz invested in growth rounds.

D1 Capital Partners led the 2021 round that valued Instacart at $39 billion. Existing investors including Valiant Capital, T.

Rowe Price, Fidelity, and Tiger Global participated across rounds. Y Combinator was the starting point (Summer 2012 batch).

The September 2023 IPO on NASDAQ priced at $30 per share, valuing the company at approximately $10 billion.