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Americanindex-investingpassive-investingefficient-market-hypothesis

BURTON MALKIEL

Author of A Random Walk Down Wall Street, pioneer of index investing, Princeton professor for 28 years

Netfigo Verdict
on Burton Malkiel

Burton Malkiel is the academic who helped kill the fund manager mystique. His 1973 book argued that a blindfolded chimp throwing darts could match most professional stock pickers — and the data proved him right. He spent 28 years at Princeton, then went hands-on as chief investment officer at Wealthfront. His influence is why your 401(k) probably holds index funds today. If you pay 1% to an active manager, Malkiel would say you are donating to their lifestyle.

Net Worth

$20 million

Nationality

American

Time Horizon

Long-Term

Risk Appetite

4 / 10

CAREER & BACKGROUND

Published A Random Walk Down Wall Street in 1973, now in its 13th edition. Served as Dean of the Yale School of Management from 1975 to 1981.

Taught economics at Princeton for 28 years and held the Chemical Bank Chair in Economics. Sat on Vanguard's board for 28 years and helped shape the firm's index-first philosophy.

Served as chief investment officer at Wealthfront from 2012 to 2022. Served on President Ford's Council of Economic Advisers from 1975 to 1977.

COMPANIES & ROLES

Vanguard (board member), Wealthfront (CIO), Princeton University (professor emeritus)

INVESTING STYLE & PHILOSOPHY

Pure passive. Malkiel believes markets price in all available information almost instantly.

His answer to beating the market is simply not to try. Buy the whole market, keep costs low, and stay put for decades.

THE PLAYBOOK

Risk Approach

Measured. He advocates broad diversification and long time horizons.

He is not opposed to risk — he just wants investors to be paid for the risks they take, not punished by high fees.

Money Habits

Practices what he preaches. He holds index funds, favors low-cost Vanguard products, and avoids trading.

At Wealthfront he championed algorithmic tax-loss harvesting as a way to improve after-tax returns without market-timing.

BIGGEST WIN

Convincing an entire generation that index funds beat stock-pickers. Over 30-year periods, Vanguard's S&P 500 index fund has outperformed roughly 90% of active large-cap funds after fees.

Malkiel was saying this in 1973.

BIGGEST MISTAKE

Defended strict efficient market theory for too long before acknowledging anomalies like the small-cap value premium and momentum. Later editions of his book softened his stance, but critics say he was slow to update.

FINANCIAL PHILOSOPHY

Markets are mostly efficient. Most active managers underperform after fees over the long run.

The best strategy for most investors is low-cost index funds held for decades. He also believes in international diversification, not just US stocks.

FAMILY & PERSONAL LIFE

Married to Patricia Malkiel. Has children.

Keeps his family life private.

EDUCATION

Harvard University, BA Economics (1953). Harvard Business School, MBA (1955).

Princeton University, PhD Economics (1964).

BOOKS & RESOURCES

A Random Walk Down Wall Street by Burton Malkiel

"The Elements of Investing by Burton Malkiel and Charles Ellis", "Global Bargain Hunting by Burton Malkiel and J.P. Mei"]

As an Amazon Associate, Netfigo earns from qualifying purchases. Book links above may be affiliate links.

QUOTES (5)

A blindfolded monkey throwing darts at a newspaper's financial pages could select a portfolio that would do just as well as one carefully selected by experts.

active-managementindex-investingA Random Walk Down Wall Street, 1973

The stock market is not a casino, but if you move in and out of stocks every time they move a point or two, the market will be a casino.

long-term-investingspeculationVarious interviews, 2005

The only investors who should not diversify are those who are right 100% of the time.

diversificationindex-investingVarious interviews and lectures, 2010

The evidence is overwhelming that active managers as a group cannot beat the market after fees.

active-managementfeesWealthfront blog, 2015

Most investors would be better off in an index fund. Rarely does one find a manager who is consistently superior.

consistencyfund-managementA Random Walk Down Wall Street, 12th edition, 2019

NETFIGO SCORE

Proprietary 5-dimension investor rating

NETFIGO ORIGINAL

Risk Appetite

4
Treasury bondsLeveraged crypto

Contrarian Index

6
Pure consensusExtreme contrarian

Track Record

8
One-hit wonderDecades of wins

Accessibility

8
Billionaires onlyCopy-paste strategy

Time Horizon

Day Trader
Swing
Medium-Term
Long-Term
Generational

Head-to-Head

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