Don't trust narratives. Trust financial statements. The numbers don't lie — people do.

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Volatility isn't risk. Permanent loss of capital is risk. Know the difference.

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If you can't build a simple model for why a stock is worth buying, you're gambling, not investing.

The best time to buy a stock is when everyone is panicking about it and the financials say they're wrong.

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Read the 10-K. Most investors never read a single SEC filing for stocks they own. That's insane.

Every model is wrong. Some models are useful. The goal isn't perfection — it's being roughly right.