Patreon

Zoom

Patreon

Patreon takes a percentage of every payment processed through the platform. It used to run three tiers — 5%, 8% and 12% depending on how many features a creator wanted — and creators who signed up back then are still on those rates.

Everyone joining now pays a flat 8%.

On top of the platform fee, payment processing fees (typically 2.9% + $0.30 per transaction) are passed to either the creator or patron depending on the plan. The combined take rate means Patreon captures roughly 8-15% of the money flowing through the platform.

The business scales beautifully. More creators attract more patrons.

More patrons increase creator earnings. Higher earnings attract more creators.

And Patreon's cut grows proportionally with every dollar processed. Creators have been paid more than $8 billion through the platform since it launched in 2013.

Zoom

Zoom uses a freemium model. Free accounts get unlimited one-on-one meetings and 40-minute group meetings.

Paid plans start at $13.33/month per user for Pro (meetings up to 30 hours), $18.33/month for Business, and custom pricing for Enterprise. Zoom also charges for add-ons — Zoom Phone (cloud phone system), Zoom Rooms (conference room hardware), and Zoom Contact Center.

The free tier is the hook. The 40-minute limit on group calls creates just enough friction to push power users to pay.

And once one person in a company pays, the whole team follows because nobody wants to be the one whose meetings keep getting cut off.

Patreon

Jack Conte was one half of Pomplamoose, an indie music duo that went viral on YouTube in the late 2000s. Their cover of Beyoncé's "Single Ladies" got millions of views.

Their original music was critically praised. And they were barely making enough to pay rent.

The math was brutal. A million YouTube views paid about $1,500 in ad revenue.

Conte spent weeks producing high-quality music videos that cost thousands to make. The economics didn't work.

YouTube's ad model paid creators fractions of a penny per view. Spotify paid fractions of a penny per stream.

For mid-tier creators — popular enough to have a real audience but not famous enough for brand deals — the internet was a machine that turned creative labor into pennies.

In 2013, Conte teamed up with Sam Yam, a college roommate and developer at AdRoll. Their idea was simple: let fans pay creators directly through monthly subscriptions.

Not per-video donations. Not tips.

Recurring monthly payments — like a Netflix subscription but for individual creators. They called it Patreon, from "patron of the arts." The platform launched in May 2013 and signed up its first creator the same week.

Zoom

Eric Yuan grew up in Tai'an, a mining city in Shandong province, China. In the mid-1990s he was in his twenties and inspired by the internet boom happening in America.

He applied for a US visa. He was rejected.

He applied again. Rejected again.

Eight times in total over about two years before he was finally approved in 1997. He moved to Silicon Valley with barely any English and joined WebEx as one of its first engineers.

Yuan spent 14 years at WebEx, eventually becoming VP of Engineering. Cisco acquired WebEx in 2007 for $3.2 billion.

Yuan watched Cisco slowly bloat the product with enterprise features while the core video quality deteriorated. He kept telling Cisco leadership they needed to rebuild the product from scratch.

They kept saying no.

In 2011, Yuan quit and took 40 WebEx engineers with him. He founded Zoom Video Communications with a simple thesis: video meetings should just work.

No downloads. No lag.

No "can you hear me?" No IT department required. He built the product that Cisco refused to build.

Patreon

Patreon grew through creator evangelism. When a podcaster or YouTuber told their audience "support me on Patreon," that was free marketing to exactly the right audience.

Every creator who joins becomes a distribution channel.

The platform expanded beyond its indie roots by courting bigger creators. Podcasters were the first breakout category — shows like Chapo Trap House, True Crime Obsessed, and Last Podcast on the Left built six-figure monthly incomes on Patreon.

Then YouTubers, writers, musicians, and visual artists followed.

International expansion drove the next phase. Patreon now supports payments in multiple currencies and serves creators in over 180 countries.

The creator economy is global — a manga artist in Japan can have patrons in Brazil paying in US dollars, processed through Patreon seamlessly.

Zoom

Zoom grew on one thing: it worked. In a world where every video call started with five minutes of technical issues, Zoom calls just connected.

That reliability was the entire marketing strategy for the first five years.

The freemium model did the rest. Teachers, coaches, therapists, book clubs, and small teams all started on the free tier.

When they hit the 40-minute limit, enough of them converted to paid. And every free meeting was essentially a demo — everyone in the meeting saw how good Zoom was.

Yuan obsessed over simplicity. While competitors like WebEx and GoToMeeting required downloads, plugins, and IT involvement, Zoom worked in the browser with one click.

The learning curve was essentially zero. Your grandmother could figure it out.

That turned out to be extremely important when a pandemic suddenly required your grandmother to figure it out.

Then COVID happened. In March 2020, the world shut down.

Every meeting — work, school, family, doctor, church, happy hour — moved to video. Zoom was already the easiest option.

Daily participants exploded from 10 million to 300 million in four months. The stock went from $70 to $588.

Patreon

Platform risk is the core vulnerability. Patreon is entirely dependent on creators choosing to use it.

If YouTube, Instagram, or TikTok build sufficiently good subscription tools (YouTube Memberships already exists, Instagram Subscriptions launched), creators might consolidate onto the platforms where their audiences already live. Why send fans to Patreon when they can subscribe directly on YouTube?

The moderation challenge is constant. Patreon hosts content across the entire creative spectrum — including adult content, political commentary, and controversial creators.

Payment processors (Stripe, PayPal) have their own content policies and have pressured Patreon to remove creators. Every moderation decision risks alienating a segment of the creator community.

Revenue concentration is a risk. A relatively small number of top creators generate a disproportionate share of Patreon's revenue.

If a handful of the biggest creators leave for a competing platform or build their own subscription tools, it would materially impact Patreon's business.

Zoom

The post-pandemic hangover has been severe. Zoom's stock peaked at $588 in October 2020 and crashed to under $70 by 2022 — an 88% drop.

The company went from the most exciting tech stock on the planet to a cautionary tale about pandemic valuations. Revenue growth slowed from 300%+ to single digits as people returned to offices and competitors caught up.

Security and "Zoombombing" were early crises. In early 2020, as millions of new users flooded in, trolls discovered they could join open Zoom meetings and share offensive content.

Schools, churches, and AA meetings were disrupted. It turned out Zoom's encryption wasn't truly end-to-end as advertised.

Yuan had to halt all feature development for 90 days and focus exclusively on security fixes. It was a near-death reputational crisis.

Competition from Microsoft Teams and Google Meet intensified. Both companies bundled video calling for free into products that hundreds of millions of people already used.

Microsoft Teams integrated directly into Office 365. Google Meet was built into Gmail.

Zoom had to compete against free products from two of the richest companies on Earth.

Patreon

Patreon Memberships — the core product allowing creators to offer tiered monthly subscriptions with exclusive content, early access, behind-the-scenes material, and community perks. Patreon Commerce — tools for selling digital downloads, merchandise, and one-time purchases directly to fans.

Patreon Community — Discord-style community features built natively into Patreon, including chat, posts, and polls for patron-only spaces. Patreon Video — native video hosting so creators can post exclusive content directly on Patreon instead of using unlisted YouTube links.

Patreon Free Membership — a free tier that lets fans follow creators and access some content, serving as a conversion funnel to paid tiers.

Zoom

Zoom Meetings is the core — video calls that actually work. Zoom Webinars handles large-scale events with up to 50,000 attendees.

Zoom Phone is a full cloud-based phone system replacing traditional office phones. Zoom Rooms turns physical conference rooms into one-click video meeting spaces.

Zoom Contact Center competes with established call center software. Zoom Team Chat is their Slack/Teams competitor.

Zoom Whiteboard is a collaborative digital canvas. Zoom Revenue Accelerator uses AI to analyze sales calls.

And Zoom AI Companion summarizes meetings and drafts messages.

Patreon

Index Ventures led the Series A. Tiger Global led the 2021 round that valued Patreon at $4 billion.

Tiger Global participated in growth rounds. Initialized Capital was an early backer.

DFJ Growth and Wellington Management invested in later rounds. Creators themselves, including YouTubers and podcasters, have been informal ambassadors and some have invested personally.

Zoom

Sequoia Capital, Emergence Capital, Horizons Ventures (Li Ka-shing), Qualcomm Ventures